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Apple iPhone 5S fingerprint sensor hacked by Germany's Chaos Computer Club

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An Apple employee instructs the use of the fingerprint scanner technology built into the company's iPhone 5S. German hackers say they can beat it. Photograph: Ng Han Guan/AP 
Germany's Chaos Computer Club says it has cracked the protection around Apple's fingerprint sensor on its new iPhone 5S, just two days after the device went on sale worldwide. 
 
In a post on their site, the group says that their biometric hacking team took a fingerprint of the user, photographed from a glass surface, and then created a "fake fingerprint" which could be put onto a thin film and used with a real finger to unlock the phone. 
 
The claim, which is backed up with a video, will create concerns for businesses which see users intending to use the phone to access corporate accounts. While it requires physical access to the phone, and a clean print of one finger which is one of those used to unlock the phone, it raises the risk of a security breach. 
 
 
Chaos Computer Club shows how it has hacked fingerprint sensor on iPhone 5S 
 
"This demonstrates – again – that fingerprint biometrics is unsuitable as access control method and should be avoided," said the Chaos Club's blogpost author, "Starbug". "In reality, Apple's sensor has just a higher resolution compared to the sensors so far. So we only needed to ramp up the resolution of our fake. As we have said now for more than years, fingerprints should not be used to secure anything. You leave them everywhere, and it is far too easy to make fake fingers out of lifted prints." 
 
The group does not claim to have extracted the fingerprint representation from the phone itself, where Apple says it is held on a secure chip. Instead it relies on capturing a high-quality fingerprint elsewhere, and having access to the phone. 
 
"Relying on your fingerprints to secure a device may be okay for casual security – but you shouldn't depend upon it if you have sensitive data you wish to protect," commented security specialist Graham Cluley. 
 
Apple did not respond to a request for comment on the hack. 
 
The revelation is the third security failing discovered since the phone and its iOS 7 software were released last week. First, a hacker found that they could use a flaw in iOS 7's Control Centre feature on the iPhone 4S and 5 to access photos and send emails. Another found that the Emergency Call screen can be used to place a call to any number. 
 
The Chaos Club details its methods for the fingerprint hack, which begins with a high-quality fingerprint lifted from a glass, doorknob or glossy surface. The print, which essentially consists of fat and sweat, is made visible using graphite powder or a component of superglue, and then photographed at high resolution to create a 2400 pixel-per-inch scan. That is then printed onto an overhead projector plastic slide using a laser print, forming a relief. That is then covered with wood glue, cut and attached to a real finger. 
 
Apple introduced Touch ID, as it calls the fingerprint system, on its top-end iPhone 5S, unveiled earlier in the month. The technology uses a scanner built into the home button of the phone to take a high-resolution image from small sections of the fingerprint from the sub-epidermal layers of the skin. Apple says "Touch ID then intelligently analyses this information with a remarkable degree of detail and precision." 
 
Users can choose to use up to five fingerprints - which can be changed - to unlock the phone and optionally pay for iTunes Store purchases. They have first to create a passcode of at least four digits, and then "enrol" fingerprints separately. Apple says that the process creates a mathematical representation of the fingerprint representation, and that it is only stored on the phone. 
 
Apple's own notes about its Touch ID system on its site say that Touch ID will incrementally add new sections of your fingerprint to your enrolled fingerprint data to improve matching accuracy over time. Touch ID uses all of this to provide an accurate match and a very high level of security." 
 
The company says that "Every fingerprint is unique, so it is rare that even a small section of two separate fingerprints are alike enough to register as a match for Touch ID. The probability of this happening is 1 in 50,000 for one enrolled finger. This is much better than the 1 in 10,000 odds of guessing a typical 4-digit passcode. Although some passcodes, like "1234", may be more easily guessed, there is no such thing as an easily guessable fingerprint pattern." 
 
It notes that after five unsuccessful attempts to match the fingerprint, the user has to enter their passcode, and the fingerprint unlock will not work. 
 
Speaking to BusinessWeek just after the iPhone 5S was unveiled, Craig Federighi, Apple's head of software, emphasised that the fingerprints would not leave the phone. He said that making a finger unlocking and purchasing system "sounds like a simple idea, but how many places could that become a bad idea because you failed to execute on it? We thought, 'Well, one place where that could be a bad idea is somebody who writes a malicious app, somebody who breaks into your phone, starts capturing your fingerprint. What are they doing with that? Can they reuse that in some other location? Can they use it to spoof their way into other people's phones?'" 
 
He said that Apple's focus had been to make sure that "no matter if you took ownership of the whole device and ran whatever code you wanted on the main processor [you]could not get that fingerprint out of there. Literally, the physical lines of communication in and out of the chip would not permit that ever to escape."</div>

Apple iPhone 5S fingerprint sensor hacked by Germany's Chaos Computer Club

An Apple employee instructs the use of the fingerprint scanner technology built into the company's iPhone 5S. German hackers say they c...

How to Backtracking EMAIL Messages

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Ask most people how they determine who sent them an email message and the response is almost universally, "By the From line." Unfortunately this symptomatic of the current confusion among internet users as to where particular messages come from and who is spreading spam and viruses. The "From" header is little more than a courtesy to the person receiving the message. People spreading spam and viruses are rarely courteous. In short, if there is any question about where a particular email message came from the safe bet is to assume the "From" header is forged. 
 
So how do you determine where a message actually came from? You have to understand how email messages are put together in order to backtrack an email message. SMTP is a text based protocol for transferring messages across the internet. A series of headers are placed in front of the data portion of the message. By examining the headers you can usually backtrack a message to the source network, sometimes the source host. A more detailed essay on reading email headers can be found . 
 
If you are using Outlook or Outlook Express you can view the headers by right clicking on the message and selecting properties or options. 
 
Below are listed the headers of an actual spam message I received. I've changed my email address and the name of my server for obvious reasons. I've also double spaced the headers to make them more readable. 
 
 
Return-Path: <s359dyxtt@yahoo.com> 
 
X-Original-To: davar@example.com 
 
Delivered-To: davar@example.com 
 
Received: from 12-218-172-108.client.mchsi.com (12-218-172-108.client.mchsi.com [12.218.172.108]) 
by mailhost.example.com (Postfix) with SMTP id 1F9B8511C7 
for <davar@example.com>; Sun, 16 Nov 2003 09:50:37 -0800 (PST) 
 
Received: from (HELO 0udjou) [193.12.169.0] by 12-218-172-108.client.mchsi.com with ESMTP id <536806-74276>; Sun, 16 Nov 2003 19:42:31 +0200 
 
Message-ID: <n5-l067n7z$46-z$-n@eo2.32574> 
 
From: "Maricela Paulson" <s359dyxtt@yahoo.com> 
 
Reply-To: "Maricela Paulson" <s359dyxtt@yahoo.com> 
 
To: davar@example.com 
 
Subject: STOP-PAYING For Your PAY-PER-VIEW, Movie Channels, Mature Channels...isha 
 
Date: Sun, 16 Nov 2003 19:42:31 +0200 
 
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) 
 
X-Priority: 3 
 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
 
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="MIMEStream=_0+211404_90873633350646_4032088448" 
 
 
According to the From header this message is from Maricela Paulson at s359dyxxt@yahoo.com. I could just fire off a message to abuse@yahoo.com, but that would be waste of time. This message didn't come from yahoo's email service. 
 
The header most likely to be useful in determining the actual source of an email message is the Received header. According to the top-most Received header this message was received from the host 12-218-172-108.client.mchsi.com with the ip address of 21.218.172.108 by my server mailhost.example.com. An important item to consider is at what point in the chain does the email system become untrusted? I consider anything beyond my own email server to be an unreliable source of information. Because this header was generated by my email server it is reasonable for me to accept it at face value. 
 
The next Received header (which is chronologically the first) shows the remote email server accepting the message from the host 0udjou with the ip 193.12.169.0. Those of you who know anything about IP will realize that that is not a valid host IP address. In addition, any hostname that ends in client.mchsi.com is unlikely to be an authorized email server. This has every sign of being a cracked client system. 
 
 
Here's is where we start digging. By default Windows is somewhat lacking in network diagnostic tools; however, you can use the tools at to do your own checking. 
 
davar@nqh9k:[/home/davar] $whois 12.218.172.108 
 
AT&T WorldNet Services ATT (NET-12-0-0-0-1) 
12.0.0.0 - 12.255.255.255 
Mediacom Communications Corp MEDIACOMCC-12-218-168-0-FLANDREAU-MN (NET-12-218-168-0-1) 
12.218.168.0 - 12.218.175.255 
 
# ARIN WHOIS database, last updated 2003-12-31 19:15 
# Enter ? for additional hints on searching ARIN's WHOIS database. 
 
I can also verify the hostname of the remote server by using nslookup, although in this particular instance, my email server has already provided both the IP address and the hostname. 
 
davar@nqh9k:[/home/davar] $nslookup 12.218.172.108 
 
Server: localhost 
Address: 127.0.0.1 
 
Name: 12-218-172-108.client.mchsi.com 
Address: 12.218.172.108 
 
Ok, whois shows that Mediacom Communications owns that netblock and nslookup confirms the address to hostname mapping of the remote server,12-218-172-108.client.mchsi.com. If I preface a www in front of the domain name portion and plug that into my web browser, http://www.mchsi.com, I get Mediacom's web site. 
 
There are few things more embarrassing to me than firing off an angry message to someone who is supposedly responsible for a problem, and being wrong. By double checking who owns the remote host's IP address using two different tools (whois and nslookup) I minimize the chance of making myself look like an idiot. 
 
A quick glance at the web site and it appears they are an ISP. Now if I copy the entire message including the headers into a new email message and send it to abuse@mchsi.com with a short message explaining the situation, they may do something about it. 
 
But what about Maricela Paulson? There really is no way to determine who sent a message, the best you can hope for is to find out what host sent it. Even in the case of a PGP signed messages there is no guarantee that one particular person actually pressed the send button. Obviously determining who the actual sender of an email message is much more involved than reading the From header. Hopefully this example may be of some use to other forum regulars. 
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How to Backtracking EMAIL Messages

Ask most people how they determine who sent them an email message and the response is almost universally, "By the From line." U...

Windows XP performance, here are 23 suggestions that will. Each can enhance the performance and reliability of your customers' PCs

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Since defragging the disk won't do much to improve Windows XP performance, here are 23 suggestions that will. Each can enhance the performance and reliability of your customers' PCs. Best of all, most of them will cost you nothing. 
 
1.) To decrease a system's boot time and increase system performance, use the money you save by not buying defragmentation software -- the built-in Windows defragmenter works just fine -- and instead equip the computer with an Ultra-133 or Serial ATA hard drive with 8-MB cache buffer. 
 
2.) If a PC has less than 512 MB of RAM, add more memory. This is a relatively inexpensive and easy upgrade that can dramatically improve system performance. 
 
3.) Ensure that Windows XP is utilizing the NTFS file system. If you're not sure, here's how to check: First, double-click the My Computer icon, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Next, examine the File System type; if it says FAT32, then back-up any important data. Next, click Start, click Run, type CMD, and then click OK. At the prompt, type CONVERT C: /FS:NTFS and press the Enter key. This process may take a while; it's important that the computer be uninterrupted and virus-free. The file system used by the bootable drive will be either FAT32 or NTFS. I highly recommend NTFS for its superior security, reliability, and efficiency with larger disk drives. 
 
4.) Disable file indexing. The indexing service extracts information from documents and other files on the hard drive and creates a "searchable keyword index." As you can imagine, this process can be quite taxing on any system. 
 
The idea is that the user can search for a word, phrase, or property inside a document, should they have hundreds or thousands of documents and not know the file name of the document they want. Windows XP's built-in search functionality can still perform these kinds of searches without the Indexing service. It just takes longer. The OS has to open each file at the time of the request to help find what the user is looking for. 
 
Most people never need this feature of search. Those who do are typically in a large corporate environment where thousands of documents are located on at least one server. But if you're a typical system builder, most of your clients are small and medium businesses. And if your clients have no need for this search feature, I recommend disabling it. 
 
Here's how: First, double-click the My Computer icon. Next, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Uncheck "Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching." Next, apply changes to "C: subfolders and files," and click OK. If a warning or error message appears (such as "Access is denied"), click the Ignore All button. 
 
5.) Update the PC's video and motherboard chipset drivers. Also, update and configure the BIOS. For more information on how to configure your BIOS properly, see this article on my site. 
 
6.) Empty the Windows Prefetch folder every three months or so. Windows XP can "prefetch" portions of data and applications that are used frequently. This makes processes appear to load faster when called upon by the user. That's fine. But over time, the prefetch folder may become overloaded with references to files and applications no longer in use. When that happens, Windows XP is wasting time, and slowing system performance, by pre-loading them. Nothing critical is in this folder, and the entire contents are safe to delete. 
 
7.) Once a month, run a disk cleanup. Here's how: Double-click the My Computer icon. Then right-click on the C: drive and select Properties. Click the Disk Cleanup button -- it's just to the right of the Capacity pie graph -- and delete all temporary files. 
 
8.) In your Device Manager, double-click on the IDE ATA/ATAPI Controllers device, and ensure that DMA is enabled for each drive you have connected to the Primary and Secondary controller. Do this by double-clicking on Primary IDE Channel. Then click the Advanced Settings tab. Ensure the Transfer Mode is set to "DMA if available" for both Device 0 and Device 1. Then repeat this process with the Secondary IDE Channel. 
 
9.) Upgrade the cabling. As hard-drive technology improves, the cabling requirements to achieve these performance boosts have become more stringent. Be sure to use 80-wire Ultra-133 cables on all of your IDE devices with the connectors properly assigned to the matching Master/Slave/Motherboard sockets. A single device must be at the end of the cable; connecting a single drive to the middle connector on a ribbon cable will cause signaling problems. With Ultra DMA hard drives, these signaling problems will prevent the drive from performing at its maximum potential. Also, because these cables inherently support "cable select," the location of each drive on the cable is important. For these reasons, the cable is designed so drive positioning is explicitly clear. 
 
10.) Remove all spyware from the computer. Use free programs such as AdAware by Lavasoft or SpyBot Search & Destroy. Once these programs are installed, be sure to check for and download any updates before starting your search. Anything either program finds can be safely removed. Any free software that requires spyware to run will no longer function once the spyware portion has been removed; if your customer really wants the program even though it contains spyware, simply reinstall it. For more information on removing Spyware visit this Web Pro News page. 
 
11.) Remove any unnecessary programs and/or items from Windows Startup routine using the MSCONFIG utility. Here's how: First, click Start, click Run, type MSCONFIG, and click OK. Click the StartUp tab, then uncheck any items you don't want to start when Windows starts. Unsure what some items are? Visit the WinTasks Process Library. It contains known system processes, applications, as well as spyware references and explanations. Or quickly identify them by searching for the filenames using Google or another Web search engine. 
 
12.) Remove any unnecessary or unused programs from the Add/Remove Programs section of the Control Panel. 
 
13.) Turn off any and all unnecessary animations, and disable active desktop. In fact, for optimal performance, turn off all animations. Windows XP offers many different settings in this area. Here's how to do it: First click on the System icon in the Control Panel. Next, click on the Advanced tab. Select the Settings button located under Performance. Feel free to play around with the options offered here, as nothing you can change will alter the reliability of the computer -- only its responsiveness. 
 
14.) If your customer is an advanced user who is comfortable editing their registry, try some of the performance registry tweaks offered at Tweak XP. 
 
15.) Visit Microsoft's Windows update site regularly, and download all updates labeled Critical. Download any optional updates at your discretion. 
 
16.) Update the customer's anti-virus software on a weekly, even daily, basis. Make sure they have only one anti-virus software package installed. Mixing anti-virus software is a sure way to spell disaster for performance and reliability. 
 
17.) Make sure the customer has fewer than 500 type fonts installed on their computer. The more fonts they have, the slower the system will become. While Windows XP handles fonts much more efficiently than did the previous versions of Windows, too many fonts -- that is, anything over 500 -- will noticeably tax the system. 
 
18.) Do not partition the hard drive. Windows XP's NTFS file system runs more efficiently on one large partition. The data is no safer on a separate partition, and a reformat is never necessary to reinstall an operating system. The same excuses people offer for using partitions apply to using a folder instead. For example, instead of putting all your data on the D: drive, put it in a folder called "D drive." You'll achieve the same organizational benefits that a separate partition offers, but without the degradation in system performance. Also, your free space won't be limited by the size of the partition; instead, it will be limited by the size of the entire hard drive. This means you won't need to resize any partitions, ever. That task can be time-consuming and also can result in lost data. 
 
19.) Check the system's RAM to ensure it is operating properly. I recommend using a free program called MemTest86. The download will make a bootable CD or diskette (your choice), which will run 10 extensive tests on the PC's memory automatically after you boot to the disk you created. Allow all tests to run until at least three passes of the 10 tests are completed. If the program encounters any errors, turn off and unplug the computer, remove a stick of memory (assuming you have more than one), and run the test again. Remember, bad memory cannot be repaired, but only replaced. 
 
20.) If the PC has a CD or DVD recorder, check the drive manufacturer's Web site for updated firmware. In some cases you'll be able to upgrade the recorder to a faster speed. Best of all, it's free. 
 
21.) Disable unnecessary services. Windows XP loads a lot of services that your customer most likely does not need. To determine which services you can disable for your client, visit the Black Viper site for Windows XP configurations. 
 
22.) If you're sick of a single Windows Explorer window crashing and then taking the rest of your OS down with it, then follow this tip: open My Computer, click on Tools, then Folder Options. Now click on the View tab. Scroll down to "Launch folder windows in a separate process," and enable this option. You'll have to reboot your machine for this option to take effect. 
 
23.) At least once a year, open the computer's cases and blow out all the dust and debris. While you're in there, check that all the fans are turning properly. Also inspect the motherboard capacitors for bulging or leaks. For more information on this leaking-capacitor phenomena, you can read numerous articles on my site. 
 
 
Following any of these suggestions should result in noticeable improvements to the performance and reliability of your customers' computers. If you still want to defrag a disk, remember that the main benefit will be to make your data more retrievable in the event of a crashed drive. 
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Windows XP performance, here are 23 suggestions that will. Each can enhance the performance and reliability of your customers' PCs

Since defragging the disk won't do much to improve Windows XP performance, here are 23 suggestions that will. Each can enhance the per...

windows run commands used by system admininstrators

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cmd = Command Prompt 
iexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorer 
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management 
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management 
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management 
services.msc = Services 
eventvwr = Event Viewer 
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers 
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services 
 
devmgmt.msc = Device Manager 
msinfo32 = System Information 
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup 
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility) 
mmc = Microsoft Management Console 
excel = Microsoft Excel (If Installed) 
msaccess = Microsoft Access (If Installed) 
powerpnt = Microsoft PowerPoint (If Installed) 
winword = Microsoft Word (If Installed) 
frontpg = Microsoft FrontPage (If Installed) 
notepad = Notepad 
wordpad = WordPad 
calc = Calculator 
msmsgs = Windows Messenger 
mspaint = Microsoft Paint 
wmplayer = Windows Media Player 
rstrui = System Restore 
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x 
netscp = Netscape 7.x 
netscape = Netscape 4.x 
waol = America Online 
control = Opens the Control Panel 
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog 
 
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windows run commands used by system admininstrators

cmd = Command Prompt iexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorer compmgmt.msc = Computer Management dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Mana...

10 reasons why PCs crash U must Know

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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
1 Hardware conflict</h2>
 
The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device. 
 
For example, a printer usually connects internally on IRQ 7. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 6. Each device will try to hog a single IRQ for itself. 
 
If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen. The way to check if your computer has a hardware conflict is through the following route: 
 
* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager. 
 
Often if a device has a problem a yellow '!' appears next to its description in the Device Manager. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be using it. 
 
Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder for PCI steering'. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove the problem device and reinstall it. 
 
Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the internet to make the device function properly. A good resource is www.driverguide.com. If the device is a soundcard, or a modem, it can often be fixed by moving it to a different slot on the motherboard (be careful about opening your computer, as you may void the warranty). 
 
When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead and touch an unpainted metal surface to discharge any static electricity. 
 
To be fair to Mcft, the problem with IRQ numbers is not of its making. It is a legacy problem going back to the first PC designs using the IBM 8086 chip. Initially there were only eight IRQs. Today there are 16 IRQs in a PC. It is easy to run out of them. There are plans to increase the number of IRQs in future designs. 
 
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
2 Bad Ram</h2>
 
Ram (random-access memory) problems might bring on the blue screen of death with a message saying Fatal Exception Error. A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need replacing. 
 
But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-nanosecond (70ns) Ram with 60ns Ram will usually force the computer to run all the Ram at the slower speed. This will often crash the machine if the Ram is overworked. 
 
One way around this problem is to enter the BIOS settings and increase the wait state of the Ram. This can make it more stable. Another way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or take some of them out. Then try to repeat the circumstances that caused the crash. When handling Ram try not to touch the gold connections, as they can be easily damaged. 
 
Parity error messages also refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity (ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not to mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble. 
 
EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be due to free memory problems often linked to old Dos-based programmes. 
 
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
3 BIOS settings</h2>
 
Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common way to access these settings is to press the F2 or delete button during the first few seconds of a boot-up. 
 
Once inside the BIOS, great care should be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece of paper all the settings that appear on the screen. That way, if you change something and the computer becomes more unstable, you will know what settings to revert to. 
 
A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency. This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data out) Ram has a CAS latency of 3. Newer SDRam has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the computer's display. 
 
Mcft Windows is better at allocating IRQ numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ numbers to Auto in the BIOS. This will allow Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to 'yes' to allow Windows to do this.). 
 
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
4 Hard disk drives</h2>
 
After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk drive starts to become piecemeal or fragmented. It is a good idea to defragment the hard disk every week or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze. Go to 
 
* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Disk Defragmenter 
 
This will start the procedure. You will be unable to write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk is defragmenting, so it is a good idea to schedule the procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task Scheduler. 
 
The Task Scheduler should be one of the small icons on the bottom right of the Windows opening page (the desktop). 
 
Some lockups and screen freezes caused by hard disk problems can be solved by reducing the read-ahead optimisation. This can be adjusted by going to 
 
* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System Icon-Performance-File System-Hard Disk. 
 
Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive every few months and free some space on it. Open the Windows folder on the C drive and find the Temporary Internet Files folder. Deleting the contents (not the folder) can free a lot of space. 
 
Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space. Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to 
 
* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-ScanDisk 
 
Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform this operation at night when the computer is not in use. 
 
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
5 Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors</h2>
 
Fatal OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems. 
 
These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display. Go to 
 
* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Display-Settings 
 
Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the colour settings on the left of that window. For most desktops, high colour 16-bit depth is adequate. 
 
If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a hardware conflict. Go to 
 
* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager 
 
Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue) and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts. 
 
If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you do in case you make things worse. 
 
The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button. You are searching for a setting that will display a No Conflicts message. 
 
Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to 
 
* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Performance-Graphics 
 
Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a device). 
 
Look up your video card's manufacturer on the internet and search for the most recent drivers for it. 
 
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
6 Viruses</h2>
 
Often the first sign of a virus infection is instability. Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive, making it impossible to start. This is why it is a good idea to create a Windows start-up disk. Go to 
 
* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Add/Remove Programs 
 
Here, look for the Start Up Disk tab. Virus protection requires constant vigilance. 
 
A virus scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to be able to identify viruses. These signatures are stored in a DAT file. DAT files should be updated weekly from the website of your antivirus software manufacturer. 
 
An excellent antivirus programme is McAfee VirusScan by Network Associates ( www.nai.com). Another is Norton AntiVirus 2000, made by Symantec ( www.symantec.com). 
 
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
7 Printers</h2>
 
The action of sending a document to print creates a bigger file, often called a postscript file. 
 
Printers have only a small amount of memory, called a buffer. This can be easily overloaded. Printing a document also uses a considerable amount of CPU power. This will also slow down the computer's performance. 
 
If the printer is trying to print unusual characters, these might not be recognised, and can crash the computer. Sometimes printers will not recover from a crash because of confusion in the buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug the printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore the printer's default settings and you may be able to carry on. 
 
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
8 Software</h2>
 
A common cause of computer crash is faulty or badly-installed software. Often the problem can be cured by uninstalling the software and then reinstalling it. Use Norton Uninstall or Uninstall Shield to remove an application from your system properly. This will also remove references to the programme in the System Registry and leaves the way clear for a completely fresh copy. 
 
The System Registry can be corrupted by old references to obsolete software that you thought was uninstalled. Use Reg Cleaner by Jouni Vuorio to clean up the System Registry and remove obsolete entries. It works on Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 SE (Second Edition), Windows Millennium Edition (ME), NT4 and Windows 2000. 
 
Read the instructions and use it carefully so you don't do permanent damage to the Registry. If the Registry is damaged you will have to reinstall your operating system. Reg Cleaner can be obtained from www.jv16.org 
 
Often a Windows problem can be resolved by entering Safe Mode. This can be done during start-up. When you see the message "Starting Windows" press F4. This should take you into Safe Mode. 
 
Safe Mode loads a minimum of drivers. It allows you to find and fix problems that prevent Windows from loading properly. 
 
Sometimes installing Windows is difficult because of unsuitable BIOS settings. If you keep getting SUWIN error messages (Windows setup) during the Windows installation, then try entering the BIOS and disabling the CPU internal cache. Try to disable the Level 2 (L2) cache if that doesn't work. 
 
Remember to restore all the BIOS settings back to their former settings following installation. 
 
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
9 Overheating</h2>
 
Central processing units (CPUs) are usually equipped with fans to keep them cool. If the fan fails or if the CPU gets old it may start to overheat and generate a particular kind of error called a kernel error. This is a common problem in chips that have been overclocked to operate at higher speeds than they are supposed to. 
 
One remedy is to get a bigger better fan and install it on top of the CPU. Specialist cooling fans/heatsinks are available from www.computernerd.com or www.coolit.com 
 
CPU problems can often be fixed by disabling the CPU internal cache in the BIOS. This will make the machine run more slowly, but it should also be more stable. 
 
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
10 Power supply problems</h2>
 
With all the new construction going on around the country the steady supply of electricity has become disrupted. A power surge or spike can crash a computer as easily as a power cut. 
 
If this has become a nuisance for you then consider buying a uninterrupted power supply (UPS). This will give you a clean power supply when there is electricity, and it will give you a few minutes to perform a controlled shutdown in case of a power cut. 
 
It is a good investment if your data are critical, because a power cut will cause any unsaved data to be lost. 
<div>
 </div>
</div>

10 reasons why PCs crash U must Know

1 Hardware conflict The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other device...

Winxp Applications Startup Time, Decrease your Applications startup time

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By default, Microsoft includes the /prefetch:1 switch to speed up it's Windows Media Player application start time. This switch can be used for other Windows applications and also many third party programs. 
 
Example #1 
 
You have AOL 8.0 installed on the computer. Complete the steps outlined bewlo to add the /prefetch:1 switch to AOL's Target path. 
 
1. Right click on the AOL shortcut and select properties from the menu. 
 
2. In the Target: Field add the /prefetch:1 switch to the very end of the path, like this: "C:\Program Files\America Online 8.0\aol.exe" /prefetch:1 and then click ok. 
 
Now start AOL. It would load at least 50 times faster than ever before. 
 
Example #2 
 
1, Go to the Start button/All Programs/Accessories/System Tools 
 
2. Right click on System Restore and select properties from the menu that appears. Add the /prefetch:1 to the Target Path entry so it looks like this %ystemRoot%\System32\restore\rstrui.exe /prefetch:1 and click ok. 
 
Now System Restore will start immediately when executed. 
 
Note: This switch will only work with some programs. Others will return a message saying the program in the target box is invalid. Just remove the switch 
</div>

Winxp Applications Startup Time, Decrease your Applications startup time

By default, Microsoft includes the /prefetch:1 switch to speed up it's Windows Media Player application start time. This switch can be...

Speed Up Your Bandwidth By 20% !, Windows uses 20% of your bandwidth

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Windows uses 20% of your bandwidth Here's how to Get it back 
 
A nice little tweak for XP. Microsoft reserve 20% of your available bandwidth for their own purposes (suspect for updates and interrogating your machine etc..) 
 
Here's how to get it back: 
 
Click Start-->Run-->type "gpedit.msc" without the " 
 
This opens the group policy editor. Then go to: 
 
 
Local Computer Policy-->Computer Configuration-->Administrative Templates-->Network-->QOS Packet Scheduler-->Limit Reservable Bandwidth 
 
 
Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab : 
 
"By default, the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the default." 
 
So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO. 
 
This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default 20%. 
 
I have tested on XP Pro, and 2000 
other o/s not tested. 
 
Please give me feedback about your results 
</div>

Speed Up Your Bandwidth By 20% !, Windows uses 20% of your bandwidth

Windows uses 20% of your bandwidth Here's how to Get it back A nice little tweak for XP. Microsoft reserve 20% of your available ban...

How to speed Up HTTP Requests On Internet Explorer

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To comply with current Internet standards, Internet Explorer limits the number of simultaneous downloads to two downloads, plus one queued download. This configuration is a function of the browser. However, as connection speeds increase, and the number of total connections that are allowed to Internet servers increase, the two-connection limit may be restrictive. 
 
Please Note: Changing the maximum number of connections beyond two is a violation of Internet standards; use at your own risk! 
 
To increase the number of simultaneous connections that are allowed, follow these steps: 
 
1. Start the Registry Editor 
 
2. Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Internet Settings 
3. Select New > DWORD Value from the Edit menu 
 
4. Name the new value MaxConnectionsPer1_0Server 
 
5. Right-click the MaxConnectionsPer1_0Server value and choose Modify 
 
6. Under Base, click the radio button next to Decimal 
 
7. In the Value Data: box enter the number of simultaneous connections you want to set (for example 10 is a good value), 
 
8. click OK 
 
9. Repeat steps 3 - 7 using the new value MaxConnectionsPerServer 
 
10. Exit the registry editor 
 
 
 
 
 
http://blogs.msdn.com/nickmac/archive/2004/08/25/220001.aspx 
</div>

How to speed Up HTTP Requests On Internet Explorer

To comply with current Internet standards, Internet Explorer limits the number of simultaneous downloads to two downloads, plus one queued...

How to set up a server with Apache , PHP , MySQL , Perl , phpMyAdmin

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Let's start by installing apache (http server) . you can download the 
apache installer on www.apache.org . download the verion you like , 
even thought , in win systems i recomand verion 2 (this tutorials is 
for apache 2) . here is a link for it : 
 
Code: 
 
http://apache.mirror.nedlinux.nl/dist/httpd/binaries/win32/apache_2.0.52-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi 
 
 
for a faster mirror , visit http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi . 
 
After downloading the file (.msi installer) , run it . The installation wizard 
is a next , next , finish 'work' ... The installer will ask you some details like 
your server name , your server adress and the admin's mail adress . if 
you have a domain name or a hostname , enter the info's like this : 
 
Code: 
 
Server Name : your_domain.org 
 
Server Adress : www.your-domain.org 
 
Admin Email : admin@yourdomain.org 
 
 
if you don't have one , you should get on e free at : 
 
Code: 
 
http://www.no-ip.org/ 
 
 
Check the 'Run as a service for all users on port 8080' option and click 
next , finish to fiinish the instllation . Advice : Install it in c: (he creates 
a folder for it , don't worry) to make sure you configure it easyer . 
If you are finished , open up a browser and write in the adress bar : 
 
Code: 
 
http://localhost/ 
 
 
If you will see a 'Test Page for Apache Installation' , everything works . 
 
===== 
 
Let's install PHP . download the archives from www.php.net . Here is a 
direct link for verion 4.3.9 : 
 
Code: 
 
http://nl.php.net/get/php-4.3.9-Win32.zip/from/this/mirror 
 
 
Make sure you download the archive and not the installer . Ok! after 
downloading it , extract the archive in c:/php (this is to simplify paths) . 
Now , open up c:/apache/conf/httpd.conf and search for this line : 
 
Code: 
#LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so 
 
 
under that line , add this : 
 
Code: 
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so 
 
LoadModule php4_module "c:/php/sapi/php4apache2.dll" 
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php 
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php3 
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php4 
 
 
Now search for this line : 
 
Code: 
<Directory "C:/Apache2/htdocs"> 
 
 
Change : 
 
Code: 
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks 
 
# 
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. 
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: 
#   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit 
# 
    AllowOverride None 
 
 
into : 
 
Code: 
Options Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks MultiViews ExecCGI 
 
# 
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. 
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: 
#   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit 
# 
    AllowOverride All 
 
 
This will allow .htaccess support on your server and make sure you can 
see the content of a folder without getting a 403 forbidden error . 
 
Now search for : 
 
Code: 
DirectoryIndex index.html index.var.html 
 
 
and change it into : 
 
Code: 
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php 
 
 
Save the file and restart apache . (you can restart it by pressing the 
Restart apache server shortcut in the start menu or by writing : 
 
Code: 
net apache restart 
 
 
in a command prompt window . Ok! 
 
you have php working for your server icon_wink.gif . Now let's configure php and 
make sure it really works ! Open up c:/php/php.ini (php.ini-dist renamed) 
and search for this paragraph : 
 
Code: 
max_execution_time = 60    ; Maximum execution time of each script, in seconds 
max_input_time = 60   ; Maximum amount of time each script may spend parsing request data 
memory_limit = 5M      ; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (8MB) 
 
 
you should change this to whatever you want . here is an option i use : 
 
Code: 
max_execution_time = 300    ; Maximum execution time of each script, in seconds 
max_input_time = 300   ; Maximum amount of time each script may spend parsing request data 
memory_limit = 5M      ; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (8MB) 
 
 
Now search for : 
 
Code: 
register_globals = Off 
 
 
and change it into : 
 
Code: 
register_globals = On 
 
 
Search for : 
 
Code: 
extension_dir = ".\" 
 
 
and change it into : 
 
Code: 
extension_dir = "c:/php/extensions" 
 
 
assuming you have installed php in c: ... 
 
Search for : 
 
Code: 
;Windows Extensions 
;Note that MySQL and ODBC support is now built in, so no dll is needed for it. 
 
 
and uncomment (delete the ; in the front) the following modules : 
 
Code: 
extension=php_bz2.dll 
extension=php_db.dll 
extension=php_gd2.dll 
extension=php_java.dll 
extension=php_msql.dll 
extension=php_pdf.dll 
extension=php_pgsql.dll 
extension=php_sockets.dll 
 
 
Ok! now let's change the smtp settings (this is good icon_smile.gif for you mail() 
function . you need this !!!) Search for : 
 
Code: 
[mail function] 
; For Win32 only. 
SMTP = 
smtp_port = 25 
 
; For Win32 only. 
;sendmail_from = 
 
 
and change to : 
 
Code: 
[mail function] 
; For Win32 only. 
SMTP = mail.isp.org 
smtp_port = 25 
 
; For Win32 only. 
sendmail_from = mail@your_domain.org 
 
if you don't have a mail server or : 
 
Code: 
[mail function] 
; For Win32 only. 
SMTP = localhost 
smtp_port = 25 
 
; For Win32 only. 
sendmail_from = mail@your_domain.org 
 
if you have a mail server ... 
 
Save the files . Now let's finalize the php installation . copy all the dll's 
from c:/php/dlls into c:/windows/system32 . copy c:/php/php4ts.dll into 
c:/windows/system32/ and copy php.ini from your folder php into 
windows and system32 folder . restart apache . open up notepad and 
add this into the file : 
 
Code: 
<?php 
   phpinfo(); 
?> 
 
 
save this file in your htdocs folder (c:/apache/htdocs) as info.php and 
open up a browser . in the adress bar write : 
 
Code: 
http://localhost/info.php 
 
 
you should see php's configuration in a table . a looong file icon_smile.gif 
you can optionaly install zend optimizer . i am using it ... it doesn't 
needs a tutorial . to install the PEAR modules for php , just run the 
go-pear batch from the php folder and 2click the reg file to finish the 
instllation . 
 
===== 
 
let's install mysql . download mysql from http://www.mysql.com/ . 
this tutorial applyes to verion 4.0.* ... i don't recomand using mysql 
4.1 . here is a direct link : 
 
Code: 
http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-4.0/mysql-4.0.22-win.zip/from/http://mysql.proserve.nl/ 
 
 
after downloading , extract the arhive somewhere and run the setup.exe . 
install mysql in c:/mysql and complete the installation . open up command 
prompt and write this : 
 
Code: 
cd mysql 
cd bin 
mysqld-max-nt --install 
 
 
this will install mysql as a service . recomended . now you would probably 
consider downloading mysql control center . a gui tool to administrate the 
server in a graphical mode . here is a link : 
 
Code: 
http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQLCC/mysqlcc-0.9.4-win32.zip/from/http://mysql.proserve.nl/ 
 
 
install it like any other program and run the shortcut in the desktop . a 
window will pop-up . it will ask you to add a new connection . here are the 
info's you need to fill in : 
 
Code: 
name : localhost or main or whatever :) 
host : localhost 
user : root 
pass : 
 
 
click add , expand the databases menu and delete databse text . now 
expand the users menu and delete all users except root@localhost . right 
click it and select edit user . change it's password to whatever you want icon_smile.gif 
now right click the server and select edit . change the password to the 
pass you chosed for user root . as easy as that . mysql is installed ! 
 
===== 
 
phpMyADmin . you can download it from http://www.phpmyadmin.net/ . 
i recommend using verion 2.5.1 pl1 . the last verion is still bugy icon_smile.gif 
download , unzip the contecnt into a folder in htdocs (phpMyAdmin) and 
open up config.inc.php with a text editor . 
 
search for : 
 
Code: 
$cfg['PmaAbsoluteUri'] = ''; 
 
 
change it to your phpmyadmin url . eg. : 
 
Code: 
$cfg['PmaAbsoluteUri'] = http://www.your_domain.org/phpMyAdmin/'; 
 
 
now search for : 
 
Code: 
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = ''; 
 
 
and change it to your mysql root password like this : 
 
Code: 
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'password'; 
 
 
now search for : 
 
Code: 
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type']     = 'config'; 
 
 
and change it to : 
 
Code: 
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type']     = 'cookie'; 
 
 
save and exit . that's it ! phpMyAdmin works icon_wink.gif 
 
===== 
 
Perl . Optioanl for your server , very usefull . i recomend you to install 
it . you can download it from http://www.activestate.com/ . here is a 
direct link : 
 
Code: 
http://downloads.activestate.com/ActivePerl/Windows/5.8/ActivePerl-5.8.4.810-MSWin32-x86.msi 
 
 
download , install and you are ready . put your perl scripts in the /cgi-bin/ 
folder (c:/apache/cgi-bin) . 
 
 
</div>

How to set up a server with Apache , PHP , MySQL , Perl , phpMyAdmin

Let's start by installing apache (http server) . you can download the apache installer on www.apache.org . download the verion you li...

How To Increase Download Speeds By 100-200 Kbsec

First of all download this wonderful program: http://www.speedguide.net/files/TCPOptimizer.exe Then when u start trhe program goto se...

how to Hide Drives and Partitions

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Do you have data on a partition or hard drive that you don't want tampered with or easily accessible to other users? Well, you can hide any drive/partition in Windows XP, NT, and 2000. That means that they won't show up in Explorer or My Computer. 
 
If you want access to that drive from your user account you should create a desktop shortcut before proceeding. Once hidden, you can still access by typing the drive letter and a colon in Start/Run—for example, "D:" will bring up a folder of the contents on your D drive. 
 
The easiest way with Win XP is to use the TweakUI power toy from Mcft. Go to Start/Run and type in "tweakui" (without the quotes). 
 
Go to My Computer/Drives and uncheck the drive/partition(s) you want hidden. Click "Apply" or "OK" when finished. 
 
If you have XP but not Tweak UI you can download it here... 
http://www.Mcft.com/windowsxp/downloads/powertoys/xppowertoys.mspx 
 
For Win NT, 2000, and XP you can use the following Registry edit: 
 
*Be sure to back up the Registry before proceeding 
http://www.worldstart.com/tips/tips.php/401 
 
Open the Registry Editor by going to Start/Run and typing in "regedit" (without the quotes). Find your way to... 
 
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Mcft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies 
 
Click on "Explorer". 
 
Double-click the "NoDrives" key in the right column. If you don't find a "NoDrives" registry key, just right-click in the right pane and choose "New/DWORD Value" then name the key "NoDrives". 
 
You'll see a value like "0000 00 00 00 00". This is where the fun starts. The four sets of double zeros (after the "0000") are where you'll enter the values for the drive/partitions. Now, stay with me on this—it's not as complicated as it sounds: 
 
The first column is for drives A-H, the second for I-P, the third for Q-X, and the fourth for Y-Z. 
 
The values for each drive are as follows: 
 
1 - A I Q Y 
2 - B J R Z 
4 - C K S 
8 - D L T 
16 - E M U 
32 - F N V 
64 - G O W 
80 - H P X 
 
So, let's say you want to hide drive D. In the first column you would put "08". For drive K you would put "04" in the second column. 
 
But what if you want to hide more than one drive in a column? Simply add the values together: D+E = 8+16 = 24. So in the first column you would put "24". 
 
Still baffled? If you have XP then go get TweakUI and save yourself the math. 
 
Whichever method you use, you can rest easy knowing that the files on that drive or partition are less accessible to other users. 
</div>

how to Hide Drives and Partitions

Do you have data on a partition or hard drive that you don't want tampered with or easily accessible to other users? Well, you can hid...

General Keyboard Shortcuts, General Keyboard Shortcuts

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General Keyboard Shortcuts 
CTRL+C (Copy) 
CTRL+X (Cut) 
CTRL+V (Paste) 
CTRL+Z (Undo) 
DELETE (Delete) 
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin) 
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item) 
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item) 
F2 key (Rename the selected item) 
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word) 
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word) 
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph) 
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph) 
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text) 
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document) 
CTRL+A (Select all) 
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder) 
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item) 
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program) 
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object) 
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window) 
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously) 
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items) 
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened) 
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop) 
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer) 
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item) 
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window) 
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu) 
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) 
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command) 
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program) 
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu) 
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu) 
F5 key (Update the active window) 
BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer) 
ESC (Cancel the current task) 
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing) 
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts 
CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs) 
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs) 
TAB (Move forward through the options) 
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options) 
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option) 
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button) 
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box) 
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons) 
F1 key (Display Help) 
F4 key (Display the items in the active list) 
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box) 
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts 
Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu) 
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box) 
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop) 
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows) 
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows) 
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer) 
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder) 
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers) 
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help) 
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard) 
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box) 
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager) 
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts 
Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off) 
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off) 
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off) 
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off) 
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off) 
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager) 
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts 
END (Display the bottom of the active window) 
HOME (Display the top of the active window) 
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder) 
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder) 
NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder) 
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder) 
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder) 
Shortcut Keys for Character Map 
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts: 
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line) 
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line) 
UP ARROW (Move up one row) 
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row) 
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time) 
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time) 
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line) 
END (Move to the end of the line) 
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character) 
CTRL+END (Move to the last character) 
SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected) 
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts 
CTRL+O (Open a saved console) 
CTRL+N (Open a new console) 
CTRL+S (Save the open console) 
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item) 
CTRL+W (Open a new window) 
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows) 
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu) 
ALT+F4 (Close the console) 
ALT+A (Display the Action menu) 
ALT+V (Display the View menu) 
ALT+F (Display the File menu) 
ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu) 
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts 
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane) 
ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window) 
SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item) 
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item) 
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows) 
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window) 
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window) 
ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item) 
F2 key (Rename the selected item) 
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console) 
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation 
CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box) 
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right) 
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left) 
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order) 
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu) 
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen) 
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu) 
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.) 
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.) 
Microsoft Internet Explorer Navigation 
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box) 
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar) 
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility) 
CTRL+H (Open the History bar) 
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar) 
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box) 
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address) 
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L) 
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box) 
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page) 
CTRL+W (Close the current window) 
</div>

General Keyboard Shortcuts, General Keyboard Shortcuts

General Keyboard Shortcuts CTRL+C (Copy) CTRL+X (Cut) CTRL+V (Paste) CTRL+Z (Undo) DELETE (Delete) SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected...

How to Email Forge, sends email from anyone

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1. Some ISP's block port 25 so it might not work 
2. Most likely, you won't be able to see what yer typing 
 
First of all, you need an SMTP server. These are extremely common and, in fact, I'll provide one for you (mail.hotmail.com). SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This service runs on port 25 (in most cases) and is used to send outgoing email. 
 
Now, open up the command prompt and telnet to mail.hotmail.com on port 25 (note: to see what you type, type telnet and enter then type in set local_echo): 
 
 
 
code:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
telnet mail.hotmail.com 25 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
When yer connected type in (except what's in between *'s; you chose what will go in the []): 
 
code:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
helo 
*wait* 
mail from:[whoever]@[whoever.com] 
*wait* 
rcpt to:[whoever]@[whoever.com] 
*wait* 
data 
*wait* 
[write] 
[whatever you want] 
[in] 
[as many] 
[lines as wished] 
. 
*wait* 
quit 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
Helo is just a handshake with the server. Mail from: is FROM who you want the email to be. rcpt to: is who you want the email to go to. under data is what you want sent. the '.' ends data. quit quits. There! simple isn't it. 
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How to Email Forge, sends email from anyone

1. Some ISP's block port 25 so it might not work 2. Most likely, you won't be able to see what yer typing First of all, you nee...